In this blog I am going to discuss about archetypal criticism. On which our professor Dilip Baradsir has given a task. Click here to follow that task. The answers to those questions are as follows.
Q.1 What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?
Archetypal is literary criticism. This literary criticism denotes the recurrent narrative designs, Pattern of action and emotion and also theme and images. We can see that the use of Archetypal within the literature. Especially if christian mythology, religion and ritual life. Archetypal literature is often presented with myth and ritual. It can also be distinguished by having the same pattern and the same structure. Archetype is a common means that anything create bias on similar structure to established different way.
Q.2 What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?
Fry describes the cycle of nature in front of us. He compares criticism to nature. Follow the steps below to understand that cycle.
Spring (Comedy) :
Fry depicts spring as a comedy. Spring is a happy season. In the same way comedy also makes us happy. Does it show the possibility of something good happening? Which is connected with the concept of something new happening in life, being born new, creating something new. Along with this other- birth, development, revival and resurrection are also connected.
Summer (Romance) :
In our India, people see summer as a time of joy. Summer days are holidays. During this time people travel to different places. At this time, according to Indian tradition, the marriage system is connected. Indians marry each other during the summer. A lover joins his girlfriend. That is, an atmosphere of romance arises. So we can also refer to summer time as romance. So brother here represents summer as romance through the concept of India.
Autumn ( Tragedy ) :
The green leaves in the evergreen shrubs all dry out. It goes down and the bush is completely leafless. It is then called the autumn season. Which indicates inanimate. Similarly, in a literature, in a movie, when and any matter hero falls from good to bad, it can be said that there is an autumn time in his life. It is said to be a tragic thing. So Fry has portrayed autumn as a tragedy.
Winter ( Irony & Satire )
In winter the days have to be shorter and the nights longer. So less brightness and more darkness, it is seen in those days. So we can see winter days as dark days. Winter is shown here as darkness. It is very cold in India. These days are also called working days. So if you look at it in literature, it represents darkness literature. And that kind of literature is satirical literature.
Q. 3 Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
Literature is a huge thing. The literature can be applied in every field. Such as science, history, politics, philosophy, etc. in every subject. Northrop Fry says about the relation of literature with history and philosophy that literature is the central division of humanity. History is shaped by humans. The medium through which history is presented is literature. Through literature we can show history. We can collect the history of literature and present the history as needed. On the one hand, through history and through philosophy, historians deal with events and ideas with the philosopher, but the critic uses both philosophical knowledge and the action of history. From this it can be said that literature is connected with both history and philosophy.
Q.4 Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
The inductive method means specific (particular) to general. Frye contends that structural criticism will help a reader in understanding a text, and in this analysis, he proceeds inductively. That is from particular truths. For example Hamlet , in the Shakespearean play. When the Grave Digger's scene of Hamlet arise May audience alredy knows that now something going to bad because the Mineral Structure of Scene is Tragic a grave and also a darkness and cold wind of autumn shows the sign of tragedy. Thus these are the some specific examples from that scene which is lead towards general.
Q.5 Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.
Deductive means a general to specific. In the Deductive method of analysis proceeds to establish the meaning of work from the general truth to particular truth. Literature is like music and painting. Rhythm is an essential characteristic of music and painting, pattern is the chief virtue. Rhythm in music is temporal and pattern in painting is spatial. In literature both rhythm and pattern is spatial. In literature both rhythm and pattern are recurrence of images, forms and words.In this, the researcher takes into account a theory and generates a hypothesis, which can be tested, after that the observation are recorded, which leads to particular data.
Q. 6 Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below)., please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.
Explain the seasons of India The weather in India stays the same for a period of about two months. This period is called the 'season'. India traditionally has six seasons: 1. Hemant, 2. Shishir, 3. Spring, 4. Summer, 5. Rain and 6. Autumn. Since they are close to each other, the weather conditions of the two adjacent seasons do not differ much. So if two seasons are taken together, then the three main seasons of the year are considered: 1. Winter, 2. Summer, 3. Monsoon. The seasons change clearly in India. The weather is cold in winter, hot in summer and humid in monsoon. The Meteorological Department of the Government of India in Delhi has classified the climate of India into four seasons.
1. Winter - Winter - December to February
2. Summer - Summer - March to May
3. Monsoon - Monsoon - June to September
4. Retirement Season - Returning Seasonal Wind Season - October to November.
All these seasons have different meanings in literary language. Those seasons have been linked to human emotion. And it is writers and poets who connect it with human emotion. They make literary compositions. In which we can see a Gujrati poem by Umashankar Joshi here. He has created a poem according to that season. Going into the deep meaning of the poem, we have different meaning of different seasons according to Fry's opinion.
છ ઋતુઓ – ઉમાશંકર જોશી
લલિત
શરદ શી સુહે ! વાદળાં ગયાં.
જળ નદી તણાં નીતરાં થયાં.
ગગનથી સુધા ચંદ્ધની ઝરી,
રસભરી રમે રાસ ગુર્જરી.
ઉપજાતિ
હેમંતમાં કોમળ સૂર્યતાપ,
વૃક્ષો મહીં વાયુ કરે વિલાપ.
ઝરે નિશાએ હિમ ભૂમિ-ખોળે,
લીલાં તૃણે ઝાકળબિંદુ ડોલે.
દ્ધુતવિલંબિત
શિશિરવાયુ સુશીતળ સૂસવે,
તરુ તણાં થડથી રસ કૈં ઝવે.
ખરત પાન, રહ્યાં બસ ડાંખળાં,
સભર ધાન્ય થકી સુહતાં ખળાં.
વસંતતિલકા
ખીલી વસંત, વન ફૂલભર્યાં મહેકે,
ગાતા ફરે ભ્રમર, કોકિલનાદ લ્હેકે.
ઊડે સુગંધકણ પુષ્પ તણા રસોના,
આઘા સુણાય ગગને સ્વર સારસોના.
મંદાક્રાંતા
આવ્યો આવ્યો બળ બળ થતો દેખ જોગી ઉનાળો;
વા વૈશાખી પ્રબળ વહતા, ઊડતી અગ્નિઝાળો.
ઝોળા ખાતી રસદ ફળની લૂમ, લૂ વાય ઊની;
પાણી ડૂક્યાં, સજળ સરિતાઓ થઈ વારિસૂની.
શિખરિણી
ચઢી આવ્યાં ક્યાંથી દળ પર દળો વાદળ તણાં ?
કરે ઈશાને શી ઝબક ઝબકી વીજ રમણા !
પડયાં પામી ધો ધો, જળભર થઈ ધન્ય ધરણી;
હસે વર્ષા; શોભા શુભ નભ વિશે મેઘધનુની.
-ઉમાશંકર જોશી
(આભાર : સિદ્ધાર્થનું મન)
If we look at another poem by Umashankar Joshi, it talks about spring and what joy is being caused by the coming of spring. We see spring as a symbol of comedy. The feels that comes when we read this poem.
પંચમી આવી વસંતની
કોકિલ, પંચમ બોલ બોલો કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
દખ્ખણના વાયરાનાં આ શાં અડપલાં !
ઊઘડ્યાં લતાઓનાં યૌવનનાં સપનાં,
લાગ્યો જ્યાં એક વાયુઝોલો – કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
મંજરી, મત્ત થઈ ડોલો કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
આંબે આંબે હસે રસની કટોરીઓ,
ગાતા ભમતા ભૃંગ પ્રેમ તણી હોરીઓ.
આછો મકરંદ મંદ ઢોળો કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
આતમ, અંતરપટ ખોલો કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
ચેતના આ આવી ખખડાવે છે બારણાં,
હેતે વધાવી એને લો રે ઓવારણાં.
ઝૂલે શો સૃષ્ટિનો હિંડોળો ! કે પંચમી આવી વસંતની.
– ઉમાશંકર જોશી
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