The Waste Land Thinking activity 

 Introduction:-

     Hello readers, today I am present among you.  Taking the poem The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot.  This poem is known as Global Poetry.  Because it refers to different religions and different countries.  In a country where different types of literature are written, the literature is used in this poem.  He was a good critic.  This poem of his has also been in a lot of discussion.  And a lot of critics have commented on it.  Indian culture is also represented in the poem The Waste Land.  This poem was written in modern times  in the 20th century.  This poem has been in a lot of discussion and we will discuss in this blog  how different aspects of it have been portrayed by different critics.

     This blog is constructed as an answer sheet exploring ideas, concepts and arguments to three questions asked by professor Dilip Barad in a blog- T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land'. 

T. S. Eliot:-

     T.S. Eliot, in full Thomas Stearns Eliot, (born September 26, 1888, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.—died January 4, 1965, London, England), American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry in such works as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943). Eliot exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. His experiments in diction, style, and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and erected new ones. The publication of Four Quartets led to his recognition as the greatest living English poet and man of letters, and in 1948 he was awarded both the Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for Literature.More information.

"Thae Waste Land" :

     The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot,widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry.  Published in 1922, the 434-line. poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of Eliot's The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial. It was published in book form in December 1922. Among its famous phrases are "April is the cruellest month", "I will show you fear in a handful of dust", and the mantra in the Sanskrit language "Shantih shantih shantih".More information.

1)   What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzsche’s views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

Who is Nietzsche?

     Friedrich Nietzsche, (born October 15, 1844, Röcken, Saxony, Prussia [Germany]—died August 25, 1900, Weimar, Thuringian States), German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. His attempts to unmask the motives that underlie traditional Western religion, morality, and philosophy deeply affected generations of theologians, philosophers, psychologists, poets, novelists, and playwrights. He thought through the consequences of the triumph of the Enlightenment’s secularism, expressed in his observation that “God is dead,” in a way that determined the agenda for many of Europe’s most-celebrated intellectuals after his death. Although he was an ardent foe of nationalism, anti-Semitism, and power politics, his name was later invoked by fascists to advance the very things he loathed.more information.

     Life is a long process. It changes over time. Life goes on with time, which we know as the time cycle. The belief that man has evolved since ancient times and has lived this way since then has been very prevalent. Maybe when did humans originate? Which could not be said for sure. It is said that man gradually developed himself and today stands in modern times. This time is known as Mind Power, Age of Knowledge. Man has been progressing slowly in his life in this way. What is left behind is known as history. A lot of literature has been created in the past. The use of which future people learn from it and try to make their life better. And the mistakes that have been made in the past should not be made and what should be thought of as a remedy in the future now comes from the old literature. So here are the arguments of both T.S. Eliot and Nietzsche. Does both speak of progressivism and regressivism.There is a difference between the two. So we will discuss about that.

     Nietzsche's was a good philosopher in his time. He has given many different experiments on philosophy. And a lot has been written in literature too. They were thinking from a completely different point of view. He was saying that one should identify oneself. In times of contemporary crisis, one should bring out one's faith and self-respect. That is the reason for our reconciliation. He said that one should believe in self-understanding and dig deep within oneself to solve the problem of contemporary crisis. He said that we should keep moving forward and face the problems along the way. We do not need to look back in the past. No need to look into historical mythology. The solution to everything can be brought by simply isolating oneself and awakening the self-knowledge within oneself. He talked about self-identification. That's when any man can become a Superman. As we know, there are a lot of people in the society. He is considered a normal human being in the crowd. But he will need a lot of skills and knowledge when it comes to becoming Superman. For this, one has to go in solitude and recognize the power within oneself and attain enlightenment. He did not believe in religion and was told to have faith in himself.

     In opposition to this, Eliot states that everyone should know the literature of history and myth. He has included many religions and many languages ​​in his poetry. He has also included mythology and modern literature. So that his literature has become world literature. "In times of contemporary crisis, thoughts from the past come to us," he said. So we can live a progressive life in the future using poetry, legends, mythological elements. To make the future better, we have to walk past the experiences of the past. Eliot's gives a concept of how mistakes made in the past, or those that have fallen a little in the past, can be made better in the future. Compromise can be found through thinking. Mythical historical religious thinking can find a solution to future problems.

     So we can conclude that it is also right that problems of contemporary crisis' solution is in faith and self but, the level of faith and understanding of self must be necessary. It comes from reading of mytho-historical and religious thought. Eliot achived that unversality of thought.

2)Prior to the speech, Gustaf Hellström of the Swedish Academy made these remarks:

Who is Gustaf Hellstron?

     Gustaf Hellström, (born Aug. 28, 1882, Kristianstad, Swed.—died Feb. 27, 1953, Stockholm), Swedish realist novelist, journalist, and literary critic.More information.

➡️ what are your views regarding these comments? Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?

     In my opinion Freud's ideas of ancient instincts are more appropriate than those of T. S. Eliot.  Freud states that the biggest reason is the change in modern culture. He says that we should liberate primitiveness.  And should live our lives freely.  Living life freely is the real joy of living life.  Life should not be lived in a stereotype, it should be lived in a different way.  The word emancipation is associated with religion and culture.  So there are some limitations and policy rules.  People of every religion, religion gurus give certain types of policies to live life.  Modern man, on the other hand, has discomfort and discomfort.Some religions say that strict adherence to rules and regulations is the key to salvation.  And in front of it Eliot  talks about the preservation of cultural tradition.  It shows that old traditions are satisfactory in human life.  He can do anything to satisfy his needs.  Man is an animal with hunger and lust.  Man can satisfy his hunger in any way.

     The salvation means the experience of happiness and the end of sorrow.  Every man wants to be happy in his life.  He is living his life with some kind of liberation.  Which is illustrated by Freud.  Man should live his life freely in which he emphasizes on individuality.  But in order to live in a society, a person must also maintain a personal balance.

     Eliot, on the other hand, says that man's salvation lies in his cultural preservation. He says that we should believe in the culture we are in and follow it.  Which will help us to live life and remove the chaos that comes in our life. Eliot says that one should preserve and preserve one's culture.  Because in the opposite times our culture saves us.  It is our culture that makes our mark.  I am Indian, I belong to this religion.  Which have different cultures of different countries.  That person can be identified from his culture.  That's what T.S.Eliot says.  Culture must be preserved and followed.  Even in India many festivals are celebrated which are subject to culture.

3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts referred?)

     Indian references are used in TS Eliot's The Waste Land poem.  In which Indian contexts are indirectly described. Some of them are as follows.

1) The Thunder:

In Upanishad the Prajapati spoke the message of salvation through thunder which called “Akashvani”. Here Eliot also give reference to Thunder to convey that now the solution of all problems will be given by Thunder, that is the reason he gave name to his 5th part of poem “What the Thunder Said”.

"Rock and no water and the sandy road

The road winding above among the mountains"

 Climbing a painful mountain pass through pain and agony and after that you reach destination the feeling of Air is Shantih.

2) The Fire sermon:

     The fire and sermon is name of sermon given by Buddha. Gayasisa is the place where buddha preaches the fire sermon about achieving liberation from suffering through detachment from the five senses and mind, by that Eliot also wants to convey a message tp stay detached from all body and sense's desire.

3)Holy river Ganga

"Ganga was sunken, and the limp lives, waited for rain, while the black clouds, Gathered far distant, over Himavant....."

     The river Ganga is known as the holy river in India. It is known for its purity.  There is also a belief associated with the river Ganga that bathing in it washes away the sins of man. So T. S. Eliot's  mentions this holy river in his poem. He says that many sins have increased in western countries.  Religion perishes.  So like this river Ganga it needs it to sanctify it all.

4) Three Da's:

  ➡️Datta

 ➡️ Damyata

 ➡️ Dayadhvam

     This idea is taken from the Eliot Upanishad.  Is taken from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.  These three are used differently.  Which is connected with the mythology Brahmaji.  In which he talks about how his three sons walk the path of peace.  There is a belief that such words can be heard from the sound of thunder in the cloud.  It has different meanings. It is useful in life.  Every man's life becomes better if he follows this.Dattta means the giver (Almighty God), Damyata means self control and Dayadhvam means sympathise. Eliot puts great force in these three Da's that we should follow to atains spirituality.

5) Shantih Mantra:

     Every man needs peace in life. So life is surrounded by satires. In which man cannot get peace all the time. Peace mantra is mentioned in Indian culture. The mantra is as follows.

      At the end of the poem in T. S. Eliot's The Waste land poem he uses the words Santi Santi Santi.  This means that the ultimate goal of what a person does in life is to find peace.  As far as the stages are shown in the poem, it all ends peacefully. T.S. Eliot probably wants to say that.  The reality that puts an end to sorrow by gaining knowledge and experiences peace through happiness is called peace.  In which following Da Da Da taken from  Eliot Upanishad is the only way to get peace in life at last.  Thus T. S. Eliot ends his poem in a happy way.

MODERNIST POETRY

Hello Readers,

          I am going to sahre my view upon given task. This task was about modernism and modernist poem. We have to find modernist symbol, metaphor and imagery from the very short poem.  Before starting let's know that what is modernism?

       Modernist literature is quite difficult to understand and when it comes to the poetry, it even becomes more difficult. Though meaning of the words can be understood, meaning of the poem is difficult to understand. These ten poems demands thinking and their shortness makes us to think more.

About Modernism :

           Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.

*20th Century English Poetry Characteristic*

1) Diversity variety of themes

Poetry today can be written on almost any subject. The modern poets find inspiration from railway, trains, tramcars, telephones and things of commonplace interest, the whole universe is the moderns poet's composition.

2)Realism

Realism in Modern poetry was the product of a reaction against the pseudo-romanticism of the last century over and above the influence of science. The modern poets sees life and paints it as it is with all its wait and ugliness. he tears the veil which the romanticism had hug between life and art.

3)Pessimism

There is a note of pessimism and disillusionment in modern poetry. the modern poets has realised the pettiness of human life and the tragedy and suffering of the poor have made him gloomy and sad.

4) Romantic element

The spirit of romance continues to rule the minds of certain poets like Yeats. The spirit of romance is as old as the life itself. Walter De Le Mare's poetry is full of true romantic spirit bordering on super-naturalism.

5)Nature

Nature attract the modern poets no less than the poets of the earlier ages. But for the modern poet, nature is not a mystic. He does not find any spiritual meaning in nature. he feels jolly at the sight of nature's loveliness. he gives a clear picture of birds, clouds landscape, sea and countryside in his poetry.

6) Humanitarian and democratic note

Modern poetry is marked with a note of humanitarianism and democratic feeling. The modern poet, more than Wordsworth interested in the life of laborers, workers etc.

7)  Religion and Mysticism

The modern age is the age of science, but even in this scientific age, we have poems written on the subject of religion and mysticism.

8) Diction and Style

Modern poets have a preference for simple and direct expression. modern poets have chosen to be free in the use of metre. They have followed freedom from trammels of verse. There is free movement in 20th century English poetry.

Let us analyse and identify modernist metaphors/symbol/images from the given some interesting poem.

MODERNIST POETRY-

Modern Symbols and Metaphors 

1) " The Embankment" by T.E.Hulme:-

The Embankment 

(The fantasia of a fallen gentleman on a cold, bitter night)

Once, in finesse of fiddles found I ecstasy,

In a flash of gold heels on the hard pavement.

Now see I

That warmth’s the very stuff of poesy.

Oh, God, make small

The old star-eaten blanket of the sky,

That I may fold it round me and in comfort lie.

➡️He has placed the man at the center as a metaphor in the palatal poem.  Man is always distracted by his work and lust.  Man is never complacent.  He is always looking for something.  After that, when no one who is with him can ask from anyone or from anyone, he is asking from God.  Man seeks refuge in God whenever he has trouble.  Goes to God and God also gives him shelters.  Man is always lost in lust.  It doesn't work.  Disappointed with not getting the thing I like. He is begging me to hide him with a blanket and protect me.

2)." Darkness" by Joseph Campbell:-

   

                                                                  " Darkness"

                                              " I stop to watch a star shine in the boghole,

                                                 A star no longer, but a silver ribbon of light.

                                                 I look at it , and pass on."

Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work covers many aspects of the human experience. Campbell's most well-known work is his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), in which he discusses his theory of the journey of the archetypal hero shared by world mythologies, termed the monomyth.

➡️In this poem the speaker takes the light as a metaphor.  Light means a divine consciousness, positive power, the zeal to live life.  While in this poem the poet experiences frustration.  They

see darkness.  Darkness has been used as a metaphor for death, sickness and negativity.  So the speaker may not like to see the lightning of the stars.  But he wants more light than that.  This means that they like the same light that gives the same light than the twinkling stars.

3)" Image " by Edward Storer:-

Forsaken lovers,

Burning to a chaste white moon,

Upon strange pyres of loneliness and drought.

Edward Augustine Storer (1880–1944) was an English writer, translator and poet.

➡️In this poem, white moon is used as a metaphor.  When it comes to the moon, love comes to mind.  And a lover is not always one.  The thing that connects the hearts of two lovers is the symbol of the moon.  But modernist poets tend to point in the opposite direction in such poems.  There are two lovers in this poem too but they feel loneliness from each other. That is, they are with each other, yet they are alone. So it can be said that we have as many people as we like but we are left alone in it.  Which creates an image of grief.

4)  “In a station of the Metro” – Ezra pound

THE apparition of these faces in the crowd;  

Petals on a wet, black bough.

This is very short modern poem written by Ezra pound. It is considered as a first haiku written in English.

➡️In the poem, the Paris metro station is taken as a metaphor. Because there is always a crowd at the railway station. Crowd means people and people means people's faces.  People are running at the metro station.  There is a lot of people not paying attention to each other, though.  Because everyone is busy with their own work.  So that loneliness is experienced among the crowd.  The second image that arises is that the metro is always within the cities.  Hence the busy life of the people of the city.  City life can be portrayed as inanimate.  The use of which is indicated by the black on the petal of the flower.

5). "The pool"- by Hilda Doolittle
 "The Pool"

Are you alive?

I touch you.

You quiver like a sea-fish.

I cover you with my net.

What are you—banded one?

A poem written by Hilda Doolittle. Hilda "H.D." Doolittle was an American poet, novelist, and memoirist, associated with the early 20th century avant-garde Imagist group of poets, including Ezra Pound and Richard Aldington. She published under the pen name H.D.

➡️A symbol of the pool to connect one bank to another bank.  The river that is a symbol of things flowing in society.  That people are being drawn by the gestures of others like the fish of the sea.  They lack independence.  The person is free in his own way, he has the freedom to think.  People should have awareness.  The speaker here also speaks of an existential crisis.

6) "Insouciance"- By Richard Aldington

.                                                     " In and out of the dreary trenches,

                                                       Trudging cheerily under the stars,

                                                       I make for myself little the stars,

                                                       Delicate as a flock of doves.

                                                       They fly away like white-winged doves."

Richard Aldington, born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet. Aldington was known best for his First World War poetry, the 1929 novel, Death of a Hero, and the controversy resulting from his 1955 Lawrence of Arabia: 

➡️The pigeon is depicted as a metaphor in this row.  The white-winged dove is a symbol of negligence.  People at that time lived their lives carelessly and indefinitely.  Because of the outbreak of World War II, people's hopes of survival were dashed.  If he wanted to say something, if he wanted to express himself, he would try to express his feelings in literature.  Modern culture came into the way of life.  So there was more isolation among the people.

7). “Morning at the Window”- 
T.S.Eliot : -

 They are rattling breakfast plates in basement kitchens,

And along the trampled edges of the street

I am aware of the damp souls of housemaids

Sprouting despondently at area gates.

The brown waves of fog toss up to me

Twisted faces from the bottom of the street,

And tear from a passer-by with muddy skirts

An aimless smile that hovers in the air

And vanishes along the level of the રૂફ્સ

This is a short poem written by T.S. Eliot it was imagist poem. This poem completed into 9lines.

➡️This window uses the window as a metaphor.  The speaker wants to make it clear that he sees a bad scene when he looks out the window.  Which leads to the realization of poverty.  Because in modern times world war was going on.  So people did not have enough wealth.  There are always catastrophic circumstances in war.  Which causes a lot of property damage.  Which creates an atmosphere of poverty. Poverty and empathy are seen in this line.  In which poor people have no food, no clothes to wear and their children are playing there. From morning till evening people are facing a lot of difficulties.  It also has a lot of difficulties, especially for the poor.

8).  " The Red Wheelbarrow" by William Carlos :-

So much depends

upon

a red wheel

barrow

glazed with rain

water

beside the white

chickens

William Carlos Williams was an American poet and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pediatrics and general medicine. 

➡️Industrialization was very developed in modern times.  Large industries and factories were also running.  So the poet in this line draws our attention to the farmers of the farm through rain and chickens.  That we should do agricultural work.  At the same time it is also necessary.  This shows a return to nature.  And the rejection of industrialization is found in this poem.

9) “Anecdote of the jar”-  Wallace Stevens

I placed a jar in Tennessee,   

And round it was, upon a hill.   

It made the slovenly wilderness   

Surround that hill.

The wilderness rose up to it,

And sprawled around, no longer wild.   

The jar was round upon the ground   

And tall and of a port in air.

It took dominion everywhere.   

The jar was gray and bare.

It did not give of bird or bush,   

Like nothing else in Tennessee.

Wallace Stevens was an American modernist poet. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his Collected Poems in 1955. It was his best known short poem. 

➡️In this poem the speaker depicts the jar as a metaphor.  In which it is said that the jar is placed on the hill, i.e. nature and its beauty are talked about.  Nature means a best creation, a best work.  Art and nature are always the best work.  Even in modern times the glory of retreat to nature is sung in poetry.  And by using the jar as a metaphor, an attempt has been made to divert the post-war air to nature.

10) " l " by E.E.Cummings:-

                                                                      "l "

    " l ( a...( a leaf falls on loneliness)

                                            l ( a

                                               le

                                               af

                                               fa

                                               ll

                                               s)

                                               one

                                               l

                                               iness.

Edward Estlin "E. E." Cummings, often styled as e e cummings, as he is attributed in many of his published works, was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. 

➡️In this poem the speaker depicts the jar as a metaphor.  In which it is said that the jar is placed on the hill, i.e. nature and its beauty are talked about.  Nature means a best creation, a best work.  Art and nature are always the best work.  Even in modern times the glory of retreat to nature is sung in poetry.  And by using the jar as a metaphor, an attempt has been made to divert the post-war air to nature.

Frame Reding of The Modern Times

Hello Readers,

 Frame Study, Reding of The Modern Times

Sir Gave us the task, follow the Link: Frame study task

      There are so many ways to learn.  We learn by listening, we learn by seeing, we learn by speaking and we learn by reading.  When no one is watching a movie we understand what he means by the sound of his words.  But when it comes to understanding what is meant by acting alone, it becomes difficult for us.  A lot of silent films have been made.  A lot of silent serials are also made.  But the actor who is in it is an art that fully explains to us what he wants to explain to us through his acting.  Only certain types of people have such art.  In modern times, many writers and actors used to make such films. In which a movie is made covering many aspects of modern times.  New literature is written which includes poetry, novels, plays, etc. It is a difficult thing to speak from a single picture.  Too many painters gone.  What do they want to explain in their picture?  We cannot see it clearly.  But on closer inspection we realize that these pictures mean something like that.  So today we will discuss the same topic in this blog.  What does he have to say about the frame of any one film?  And what does it show?  So let's talk about it.

"A Picture is worth of 

thousands words."

      In the same manner Every scene of the movie and the camera angle also suggest some symbolic meaning. Moving pictures have their own language to reflect. And it is also part of literature reading.

"Cinema is a matter of what's in

 the frame and what's out."

     So, This particular blog is designed to read the frames of "The Modern Times" movie. Directed, Produced and Written and Starred by the great Charlie Chaplin.

Who is Charlie Chaplin?

      Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, The Tramp, and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.

His films.

Directed features:

The Kid (1921)

A Woman of Paris (1923)

The Gold Rush (1925)

The Circus (1928)

City Lights (1931)

Modern Times (1936)

The Great Dictator (1940)

Monsieur Verdoux (1947)

Limelight (1952)

A King in New York (1957)

A Countess from Hong Kong (1967)

       Modern Times is a 1936 American silent comedy film written and directed by Charlie Chaplin in which his iconic Little Tramp character struggles to survive in the modern, industrialized world. The film is a comment on the desperate employment and financial conditions many people faced during the Great Depression — conditions created, in Chaplin's view, by the efficiencies of modern industrialization.

        In 1989, Modern Times was one of the first 25 films selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".  In 2003, it was screened "out of competition" at the Cannes Film Festival.

1

Time never stops.  It goes on and on. Society changes over time.  We have seen many changes from ancient times to modern times.  One thing that connects all this is time.  The clock in Fame above indicates what time it is.  It means we know what time it was before.  And what time will come next that we don't know. The clock is a real thing.  Which shows time is good or bad.  A clock showing only twenty-four hours is not called time.  From the hands of this clock we know what kind of time was running in modern times.  What changes took place at that time? Changes in industry, education, work, etc. change over time.  What situations did people face at that time.  What a difficult time that will be.  What difficulties must have arisen in that time.  It shows in the frame above.  It shows the running time in the present.

2

The sheep is a kind of animal.  It is an animal that lives inside the herd.  In it all the flocks of sheep walk behind the one whose owner leads him or the one who walks towards you.  The same was true of people in modern times. A lot of people are running without thinking about the direction a person is going in the direction.  Arises.  Due to industrialization, a fixed time is set for dining in the industry and it is mandatory for all to be present at the same time.  Such lakes often show up in opposition to the government as well.  In which even the person running behind does not know why we are running and why we are going after this? Which indicates the ignorance in people.  In which people act not on their own ideas but on the hints of others.  Like sheep being drawn.

3

The Industrial Revolution was well underway in modern times.  So many industries developed.  In which the unemployment rate was higher because only skilled people were kept within the industries. A fixed time industries are kept.  And at that time the artisans working in that industry are present.  Smoke from industries harms nature. It harms the workers working inside it. However, industries have developed a lot in modern times.  And people also like to work in it.  Because the industry was ranked first as a source of income.  At that time working in the industry was said to be a good thing.  And working in the industry was also a compulsion to support his family. Many employees are shown in the movie "Modern Time" who have no work.  They want to work but can't find work.  So in this time industries are considered as a big source of providing employment to the people.

4

Each group formed in each field has a leader. Whose job is to manage properly, to give necessary guidance, to pay proper attention to it, to make sure that the work is done properly The leader who is there should have good knowledge, should be skilled, should be able to keep and explain to all, he should be believed by all. But when it comes to industry, the leader who is there is called the boss. Which trains people to work as they please. Giving instructions. Is working. And takes care of them. Because at some point of time, work is definitely taken from him. The boss sits in his chair in a separate room, plays a game, reads the newspaper, watches the work going on in the camera. Which suggests that work should be done otherwise there is a possibility of illness. Sitting in one place in his room, taking care of the whole industry, and giving him instructions. Which follows the capitalist tradition.

5

The clock in the picture above is not for viewing time. Shows how much free time a worker takes when he works in a factory. Anyone who has to go to the washroom instead of working and how much time he wastes in that place has to make an entry in this clock. Their bosses above them laugh at how much work they have to do. His estimate comes from this matter. How much time will be important and also the importance of work is connected with it. Today we see a situation where your time is wasted when you waste time. The more work you do, the more time you work, the more money you get in return. Perhaps a similar tradition is prevalent in modern times. Which Charlie Chaplin features in this movie.

6

Unemployment was high in modern times.  Because when a job is advertised from one place, a lot of people gather to apply for the job.  Not all of them get jobs.  At that time the advertisement was given in the newspaper.  So when a general ad is placed, crowds of people flock, which shows complexcity and obscurity.  Nothing is found directly.  Unemployment is not seen in the society. Not everyone gets the job, they don't even know when the job will be taken away from them.  Which also represents the current situation today, or how many students are willing to apply when there is any government recruitment.  Many of them are left without jobs.  Only students who have the skills and who can do corruption by paying money are looking for jobs.  So it can be said that the unemployment rate in the society was in the modern times as well as in the present times.

7

Within the movie, reality and the imagination of the people of that time are also shown. Due to the industrialization that took place at that time, two types of classes emerged in the society.  One was the capitalist class and the other was the poor. The rich got richer and the poor got the same. When a working class man dreams of earning a living, he can build a house and live well with his family.  , To have a system that can eat. But it remains his only idea.  Because the rich people of that time will not allow him to come forward. The reason is not getting a job, not getting a job, being unemployed. He is also exploited in getting a job. So that his condition remains poor to the poor.  Has been shown to be able to live.  The reality is that in those days people would live their lives that way.

8

The situation of women in modern times was very dire.  Because at that time women were highly respected.  This is especially the case in the Weston countries. So women did not get enough education so they could not stand on their own two feet for income. They had to live on the support of others.  Even if he is hired, he can get a job as a dancer in a bar.  From which we can see that at that time the position of women was considered inferior.  No one in the industry was hired.  A lady is working with the manager.  Which indicates as a sign of class distinction.  A rich housewife can work as a supervisor in industries.  But women from poor households cannot work as a working class.  Who only gets work in a bar dancer.  He has to face problems from many societies. This tradition has been going on and is still going on.  So the situation and life of women in modern times was very difficult.

9

Accompanying each other is a good thing.  Even when one's mind is broken and it is best to say something to motivate him.  Who in modern times were working class people.  They wanted their dreams, worked and were heartbroken.  But in it some people persuaded their minds to live life, to work.  So that a curiosity arose among those people to live and work.  Reading a new kind of literature.  A lot of literature was spread through television.  From which people take the essence and help each other, comfort each other.  And the art of working and living further in life gives instruction and support to each other. Literature is considered successful when one human being explains to a person who has lost his mind.  Such things are a hindrance to him.  So that his life seems dull.  Then one of his colleagues advises him to live life and move on to a new path. There is a sense of humanity.

10

Life is a long journey.  Everyone has to fulfill their role well.  He also has to endure as long as he is living life. So why not play that role well.  Life is full of happiness and sorrow.  The people of that time must have faced similar difficulties.  Many such questions may have arisen in his mind.  Someone might have found him to walk with, someone would have walked alone.  But don’t stand still as long as you live life.  Going to work and living a good life.  Because life is a long journey and everyone has to live and live well in it.

 The Great Dictator :-

The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire comedy-drama film written, directed, produced, scored by, and starring British comedian Charlie Chaplin, following the tradition of many of his other films. Having been the only Hollywood filmmaker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, Chaplin made this his first true sound film.

11

World War I was raging in those days. So large numbers of soldiers and large machinery were used to fight them. There was no atmosphere of peace anywhere. Were invading from one country to another. So a large number of soldiers were recruited. New machinery was used to fight them. Recruiting new people and having new machinery, the men did not know how to use it. So the picture above shows that the soldiers did not know how to use the machinery as these new types of machinery were designed. Which may lead to defeat from the opposite country.

12

In modern times dictatorship was seen in western countries. So a leader was appointed among their soldiers. And even over them a man was put to rule to run the week. Everyone had to follow his lead. She could only clap when asked to laugh and clap. His people followed him as he said. Which is probably what we can see even today in the present time.

 So, while watching both movies we can say that Charlie Chaplin has try to show the reality of society that how middle class people has to suffer a lot in world and how upper class people is ruling with them .

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The wast Land

 The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of  modernist poetry published in 1922, the 434-line^[poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of Eliot's The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial. It was published in book form in December 1922. Among its famous phrases are "April is the cruellest month", "I will show you fear in a handful of dust", and the mantra in the Sanskrit language "Shantih shantih shantih".

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The Waste Land” by T.S. Eliot is considered one of the most important poems of the 20th century, as well as a modernist masterpiece. A dramatic monologue that changes speakers, locations, and times throughout, “The Waste Land” draws on a dizzying array of literary, musical, historical, and popular cultural allusions in order to present the terror, futility, and alienation of modern life in the wake of World War I.More

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